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Standardization of 6G Key Technologies: Thoughts and Suggestions

Luo Yan, Quan Wei, Zhang Hongke

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 6,   Pages 18-26 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.06.003

Abstract: Countries worldwide are now competing for the establishment of 6G standards.This study reviews the development status of 6G standards from the aspects of 6G technology developmentin major developed countries and regions, international cooperation in 6G standards development, andof 6G basic industries; (2) accelerating cross-industry cooperation and innovation to establish the standards

Keywords： 6G     standards establishment     terahertz     computing power network     communications and perception integration    

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Methodologies for the establishment of an orthotopic transplantation model of ovarian cancer in mice

Cunjian Yi, Lei Zhang, Fayun Zhang, Li Li, Shengrong Ling, Xiaowen Wang, Xiangqiong Liu, Wei Liang

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 101-105 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0315-5

Abstract: This study also provided a methodological basis for future establishment of an animal model of ovarian

Keywords： ovarian cancer     orthotopic transplantation     animal model    

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Experimental study on the establishment and maintenance of brain death model with pigs

ZHANG Shuijun, SHI Jihua, ZHAI Wenlong, SONG Yan, CHEN Shi

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 161-166 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0030-6

Abstract: It remains controversial that after the transplantation of using grafts from brain-dead donors, organs injury and rejection can influence the effects of transplantation. This study sought to explore methods of establishing a stable brain death (BD) model using Bama mini pigs and to maintain the brain-dead state for a comparatively long period to provide a model for investigating changes in brain death. Sixteen anesthetized Bama mini pigs were randomized into a control group ( = 5) and a BD group ( = 11). Intracranial pressure (ICP) was increased in a modified, slow, and intermittent way to establish BD. Respiration and circulation were sustained during the brain-dead state. Hemodynamic changes were monitored during the experiment. In the BD group, 10 pigs met the requirements for brain death and 1 died of cardiopulmonary complications following an increase in ICP. Brain death was maintained for more than 48 hours with artificial life support. During the experiment, the heart rate and blood pressure showed characteristic changes due to increased ICP. Prior to BD being established, a tic reaction inevitably occurred. We used an improved method of increasing ICP to establish a stable BD model. The BD state could be maintained for more than 48 hours with effective respiratory and circulatory support. Disappearance of the tic reaction was considered to be one of the verified indexes for BD via encephalic pressure increase.

Keywords： BD     control     Hemodynamic     cardiopulmonary     modified    

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Transient process of methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street establishment in a microchannel

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 988-999 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0755-y

Abstract: “Flame-street” is an interesting diffusion flame behavior in which a series of flame-segments is separately distributed along the mixing layer in a narrow channel. This experimental phenomenon was experimentally and numerically investigated with the focus on the steady-state, thermo-chemical flame structures in previous literature. In the present paper, the dynamic formation process of a methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street structure was simulated with a reacting flow solver developed based on the open-source framework OpenFOAM. By imposing a certain amount of ignition-energy near the channel outlet, a reaction-kernel was formed and bifurcated. Subsequently, three separate flames were consecutively generated from this kernel and propagated within the channel. The whole process was completed within 15 ms and all the discrete flames were eventually in a steady-state. Interestingly, different propagation features were observed for the three flame segments: The leading flame experienced a flame shape/type change from a tribrachial structure in its fast-propagating phase to a long, trailing diffusion tail after being anchored to the inlet. The successive flame had a much lower propagation speed, keeping its two wing-like (fuel-lean premixed and fuel-rich premixed) structure while moving toward its stabilization location, which was approximately in the middle of the channel. The last flame, after the ignition source was turned-off, was immediately convected a bit downstream, and eventually featured a similar two-branch-like structure as the second one. Moreover, chemical insights for the premixed and diffusion branches of the leading flame were also provided with the change of significance of some key elementary reactions focused on, in order to attain a detailed profiling of the flame-type transition. This paper is a first-ever one discussing the transient formation of flame-streets in literature and is believed to be useful for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of this unique flame characteristics from a dynamic point of view.

Keywords： micro-combustion     flame-street     diffusion flame     mixing layer     flame propagation speed    

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Establishing Profiles for Systems Engineering Standards: A Great Help for Companies to Manage Their Processes

Rui Xue,Claude Baron,Philippe Esteban,Qiang Zhang

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 297-303 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014036

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss how to establish profiles of system engineering standards for companies.

Keywords： system engineering     analysis     comparison     systems engineering management     process     multi-standards approach    

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Research and establishment of enterprise quality metadata standard

SONG Han, LI Jie, ZHANG Genbao

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2008, Volume 3, Issue 1,   Pages 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0019-0

Abstract: The procedure of establishing quality metadata standards is emphasized in the paper, and the content

Keywords： enterprise quality     foundation     description     quality management     primary    

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Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) for traditional Chinese medicine: current situation

Zhaoxiang Bian, Baoyan Liu, David Moher, Taixiang Wu, Youping Li, Hongcai Shang, Chungwah Cheng

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 171-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0132-z

Abstract: The reporting standards for randomized controlled trials were first published in 1996 by a group of scientistsunder the name “CONSORT,” which means consolidated standards of reporting trials.

Keywords： CONSORT for TCM     reporting standards     future development    

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Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

Abstract: In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

Keywords： environmental policy     distributed environment policy     distributed parameter model     lumped parameter model    

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Comparative analysis of membranous and other nephropathy subtypes and establishment of a diagnostic model

Hanyu Zhu, Bo Fu, Yong Wang, Jing Gao, Qiuxia Han, Wenjia Geng, Xiaoli Yang, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen, Dong Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 5,   Pages 618-625 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0620-5

Abstract: This study aimed to compare clinical features between membranous nephropathy (MN) and nonmembranous nephropathy (non-MN), to explore the clinically differential diagnosis of these two types, and to establish a diagnostic model of MN. After renal biopsy was obtained, 798 patients were divided into two groups based on their examination results: primary MN group ( = 248) and non-MN group ( = 550). Their data were statistically analyzed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that anti-PLA2R antibodies, IgG, and Cr were independently correlated with MN, and these three parameters were then used to establish the MN diagnostic model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed that our diagnostic model could distinguish between patients with and without MN, and their corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 79.9%, 89.4%, and 0.917, respectively. The cutoff value for this combination in MN diagnosis was 0.34. The established diagnostic model that combined multiple factors shows a potential for broad clinical applications in differentiating primary MN from other kidney diseases and provides reliable evidence supporting the feasibility of noninvasive diagnosis of kidney diseases.

Keywords： multiparameter analysis     diagnosis     model     membranous nephropathy    

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Construction of Internet Plus Standards System

Yang Lei, Yu Hao, Wu Dongya

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 124-130 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.018

Abstract: ; therefore, an Internet Plus standards system needs to be constructed.This study aims to conduct theoretical research on the construction of the Internet Plus standards systemIt analyzes the current status of general standards for key technologies, integration standards, andA preliminary plan for the Internet Plus standards system is proposed, covering six aspects: generalstandards, security, common support, service integration, guidelines and evaluation, and application.

Keywords： Internet Plus     standards system     standardization     industry application    

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Raising Standards of Engineering Ethics through Student Teams

Wei Dong,Hu Cheng,Yuan Zhang

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 402-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014047

Abstract: There are 5 key points: ① team member recruitment standards; ② team size; ③ team name and motto; ④ team

Keywords： engineering ethic     professional teachers     students’ team     engineering management    

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Technologies for the Safe Use of Hydrogen and Construction of the Safety Standards System

Cao Xianghong, Wei Zhiqiang

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 5,   Pages 144-151 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.018

Abstract: Moreover, it should perfect its hydrogen safety standards system for vehicles and build a 70 MPa hydrogen-related

Keywords： hydrogen energy，fuel cell electric vehicle，safety technology，standards system    

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Construction of Standards System for Urban and Rural Community Governance

Wang Yanfang, Zhu Wei, Bai Bo

Strategic Study of CAE 2021, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 32-39 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.013

Abstract: and rural communities have become the new focus of social governance in China; however, the existing standardsrural community governance cannot meet the new demand for governance modernization, and thus a new standardsThis study aims to research the development strategy of an urban and rural community governance standardsfor standardizing urban and rural community governance in China, summarize the development status of standardsMoreover, we propose a preliminary framework and key directions for the standards system, covering general

Keywords： urban and rural communities     community governance     standards system     community service     community informatization    

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Establishment and verification of a shrinking core model for dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose

Cunwen WANG, Xiaoling DUAN, Weiguo WANG, Zihao LI, Yuanhang QIN

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 413-419 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0212-z

Abstract: The kinetics of lignocellulose hydrolysis under the conditions of high temperature and dilute acid (mass fraction 0.05%) was investigated in this paper. By studying the reducing sugar concentration versus reaction temperature (170°C–220°C) and reaction time (150–1800 s) during the hydrolysis process of five kinds of crop straw (rice, wheat, cotton, rape and corn), the shrinking core model was established, and the differential equation of the model and its analytical solution were obtained. With a numerical calculation method, the kinetic equation was estimated, and the degradation of reducing sugar obeyed first-order kinetics was obtained. The calculated results from the equations agreed well with the original experimental data. The calculation by the model showed that the reducing sugar concentration increases as the size of the particles decrease, and the uniform particles increase.

Keywords： lignocellulose     dilute acid hydrolysis     shrinking core model    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Standardization of 6G Key Technologies: Thoughts and Suggestions

Luo Yan, Quan Wei, Zhang Hongke

Journal Article

Methodologies for the establishment of an orthotopic transplantation model of ovarian cancer in mice

Cunjian Yi, Lei Zhang, Fayun Zhang, Li Li, Shengrong Ling, Xiaowen Wang, Xiangqiong Liu, Wei Liang

Journal Article

Experimental study on the establishment and maintenance of brain death model with pigs

ZHANG Shuijun, SHI Jihua, ZHAI Wenlong, SONG Yan, CHEN Shi

Journal Article

Transient process of methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street establishment in a microchannel

Journal Article

Establishing Profiles for Systems Engineering Standards: A Great Help for Companies to Manage Their Processes

Rui Xue,Claude Baron,Philippe Esteban,Qiang Zhang

Journal Article

Research and establishment of enterprise quality metadata standard

SONG Han, LI Jie, ZHANG Genbao

Journal Article

Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) for traditional Chinese medicine: current situation

Zhaoxiang Bian, Baoyan Liu, David Moher, Taixiang Wu, Youping Li, Hongcai Shang, Chungwah Cheng

Journal Article

Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

Journal Article

Comparative analysis of membranous and other nephropathy subtypes and establishment of a diagnostic model

Hanyu Zhu, Bo Fu, Yong Wang, Jing Gao, Qiuxia Han, Wenjia Geng, Xiaoli Yang, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen, Dong Zhang

Journal Article

Construction of Internet Plus Standards System

Yang Lei, Yu Hao, Wu Dongya

Journal Article

Raising Standards of Engineering Ethics through Student Teams

Wei Dong,Hu Cheng,Yuan Zhang

Journal Article

Technologies for the Safe Use of Hydrogen and Construction of the Safety Standards System

Cao Xianghong, Wei Zhiqiang

Journal Article

Construction of Standards System for Urban and Rural Community Governance

Wang Yanfang, Zhu Wei, Bai Bo

Journal Article

Establishment Meeting of Engineering Management Department of Chinese Academy of Engineering Held in

null

Journal Article

Establishment and verification of a shrinking core model for dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose

Cunwen WANG, Xiaoling DUAN, Weiguo WANG, Zihao LI, Yuanhang QIN

Journal Article